1. Product Composition and Interfacial Design
1.1 Core-Shell Framework and Bonding Device
(Copper-Coated Steel Fibers)
Copper-coated steel fibers (CCSF) are composite filaments consisting of a high-strength steel core enveloped by a conductive copper layer, creating a metallurgically bonded core-shell style.
The steel core, typically low-carbon or stainless-steel, gives mechanical robustness with tensile toughness surpassing 2000 MPa, while the copper finishing– normally 2– 10% of the complete diameter– conveys superb electrical and thermal conductivity.
The interface between steel and copper is important for efficiency; it is engineered via electroplating, electroless deposition, or cladding procedures to make sure solid bond and minimal interdiffusion under operational tensions.
Electroplating is the most typical technique, supplying exact thickness control and consistent coverage on continuous steel filaments drawn with copper sulfate bathrooms.
Proper surface area pretreatment of the steel, including cleaning, pickling, and activation, guarantees optimal nucleation and bonding of copper crystals, protecting against delamination during succeeding handling or service.
Over time and at elevated temperature levels, interdiffusion can develop brittle iron-copper intermetallic stages at the interface, which may compromise flexibility and lasting reliability– a difficulty reduced by diffusion obstacles or quick processing.
1.2 Physical and Practical Characteristic
CCSFs combine the best features of both constituent steels: the high flexible modulus and exhaustion resistance of steel with the premium conductivity and oxidation resistance of copper.
Electric conductivity usually ranges from 15% to 40% of International Annealed Copper Requirement (IACS), depending on layer thickness and purity, making CCSF considerably extra conductive than pure steel fibers (
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